Routine blood tests can detect high blood calcium levels. Other conditions can cause high calcium, but elevated PTH is the only source in primary hyperparathyroidism. Sometimes PTH levels are in the upper portion of the normal range, when they should drop to low-normal or below normal in response to high calcium levels. How do doctors diagnose primary hyperparathyroidism?ĭoctors diagnose primary hyperparathyroidism when a blood test shows high blood calcium and PTH levels. ![]() Rarely, primary hyperparathyroidism is caused by cancer of a parathyroid gland. People with rare inherited conditions that affect the parathyroid glands, such as multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 or familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia, are more likely to have more than one gland affected. In most other cases, extra PTH comes from two or more adenomas or from hyperplasia, a condition in which all four parathyroid glands are enlarged. 2 The tumor causes the gland to become overactive. In about 8 out of 10 people with primary hyperparathyroidism, a benign, or noncancerous, tumor called an adenoma has formed in one of the parathyroid glands. View full-sized image Symptoms of primary hyperparathyroidism ![]() When symptoms appear, they’re often mild and similar to those of many other disorders. Most people with primary hyperparathyroidism have no symptoms. What are the symptoms of primary hyperparathyroidism? However, more research is needed to better understand how primary hyperparathyroidism affects the heart, blood vessels, and brain. High blood calcium levels might play a part in other problems, such as heart disease, high blood pressure, and trouble concentrating. Too much calcium in your urine can cause kidney stones. Extra calcium that isn’t used by your bones and muscles goes to your kidneys and is flushed out in urine. The small intestine may absorb more calcium from food, adding to high levels of calcium in your blood. The loss of calcium from the bones may weaken them. ![]() High PTH levels trigger the bones to release more calcium than normal into the blood. Primary hyperparathyroidism most often affects the bones and kidneys, although it also may play a part in other health problems. 1 What are the complications of primary hyperparathyroidism? 1 The disorder was more common in African Americans, followed by Caucasians, in one large study performed in North America. Women are affected 3 to 4 times more often than men. Primary hyperparathyroidism most often affects people between age 50 and 60. Who is more likely to develop primary hyperparathyroidism? 1 Primary hyperparathyroidism is one of the most common hormonal disorders. In the United States, about 100,000 people develop primary hyperparathyroidism each year. How common is primary hyperparathyroidism? Calcium also helps your heart, muscles, and nerves work normally.Īlthough their names are similar, the parathyroid glands and the thyroid gland are not related. This mineral helps build bones and teeth and keep them strong. When the level of calcium in your blood falls too low, the parathyroid glands release just enough PTH to bring your blood calcium levels back to normal.
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